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Connected ambient assistance systems support elderly people - or people in need of care - for a self-determined, healthy and safe living in their familiar home until very old age. The systems typically communicate with nursing relatives or remote professional caregiving providers. The basic functions of stationary assistance systems include the detection of a) falls and b) deviant behavior indicating a health hazard. These kernel tasks of assistance have been amended in the course of time by a plenitude of more general assistant functions. Wearable devices, like programmable smartwatches, extend the reach of stationary assistance beyond the spatial boundaries of the familiar home. They extend the scope of wellbeing monitoring by analyzing the wearer’s heart rate in relation to the current physical activity and can also verify sufficient liquid ingestion, drinking, thus compensating the diminishing natural sensation of thirst at increasing age. Home robots also extend the scope of wellbeing monitoring within the home and relieve from the necessity of a comprehensive sensoric instrumentation of the home. So far, ambient assistant systems can primarily provide assistance only in the physiological dimension. Cognitive ambient assistance, which allows the participation in the social communication on an equal footing, today is beyond their abilities. The advances in artificial intelligence are about to change the picture. From an economic point of view, the dissemination and success of assistance systems has been slowed down within the last decade by lacking wide-spread interaction standards as well as the shortage of necessary multivalent utility of such systems. In contrast, the smart home concept offering increased comfort and sustainability has gained a lot of attractivity in the same time. Therefore, commercially successful assistance systems must provide their utility in all three dimensions: assistance, but also simultaneously in comfort/safety and sustainability.
Objective: This best-practice example shows the positive effect on the behavior of a mentally disabled client with significant behavioral problems after the custom-made change in his built environment. Background: Healthcare organizations are often faced with the difficulty of creating a built environment that has a positive effect on the mental well-being of the users. Ipse de Bruggen is a healthcare organization that offers care and support for the mentally handicapped. They look after clients who need additional individual support due to their behavioral problems and have developed new care concepts for this over the years. With regard to the built environment, however, they found in individual cases that the living environment does not suit the client. The rooms are bare and devoid of atmosphere. It seems that in many cases this has led to even more aggression and destruction. A negative spiral. The organization saw the need to change this and in 2011 commissioned Andrea Möhn Architects, formerly Möhn + Bouman Architects, to examine the built environment and the needs of individual users with major behavioral problems. Methods: The findings are based on the architects’ many years of experience with regard to the target group, a precise observation of the behavior of the user in his personal space as well as interviews with the staff from November 2011 to April 2012. Results: Based on the observations the architects created a tailor-made environment that had a very positive effect on the behavior of the user and thus also on his family, the care staff and the organization. Conclusions: The best practice example shows that for clients with severe behavioral problems a personalized and humanized approach seemed to be the right approach, rather than a flexible spatial solution. The redesigned space gave the client a sense of control, pride, dignity and a sense of well-being. Inspired by this success, the organization started the project "Physical environment, a fixed value in our care” in 2020. Within four years, twelve rooms will be redesigned and their effects on users will be scientifically researched.
The research project “start2park” closes a research gap by precisely measuring parking search duration (cruising for parking) – especially the starting point of search – using a mobile app developed for this purpose. Complete journeys’ location data and durations are recorded, including driving until the start of the parking search, the parking search process, and the footpath from the parking spot to the final destination. Therefore, the causal effects of parking search on driving duration as well as journey duration can be estimated. Cruising for parking is traffic that results from car drivers looking for (free) kerb parking that meets their expectations (for example, free of charge or close to their destination point) and drivers being not (fully) informed about available kerb space parking locations. Parking search traffic causes external costs. Therefore, traffic-planning options should be designed to reduce unnecessary parking search traffic. However, this requires reliable data on urban cruising for parking traffic. Previous empirical results on the share of cruising traffic in total traffic, average parking search durations and average parking search distances differ widely. We show that the causal effect of parking search on driving duration and journey duration has not yet been validly estimated in empirical studies, and we explain how this is done in the research project.
Working Paper Nr. 18 des Fachbereichs 3: Wirtschaft und Recht
Veröffentlichung im Rahmen des European Parking Association Congress 2015, Berlin.