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Abstract English
Meat substitutes are on the rise. How does the naming of meat substitute products influence their acceptance? In a quantitative omnibus survey, six product names for meat substitute products are evaluated in terms of purchase preference. Respondents are asked about their preferred product names. A distinction is made according to the dietary form of the subjects. The product names are differentiated by the strength of the association with meat products. In addition, the extent to which consumers accept names, typically associated with meat-legged products, for naming meat substitutes was tested. Results showed no preference of product names as a function of the subjects' dietary form. The assumption that products with names reminiscent of meat products lead to lower acceptance among followers of meatless, could not be confirmed dietary forms. The acceptance of name additions such as "sausage" or "schnitzel" was constant for all dietary forms. Moreover, no differences in preference can be found with regard to gender. For companies in the industry, this means that when naming meat substitutes, the association with meat-containing products has little influence on their acceptance.
Abstract Deutsch
Fleischersatzprodukte sind auf dem Vormarsch. Wie beeinflusst die Namensgebung von Fleischersatzprodukten deren Akzeptanz? In einer quantitativen Omnibusbefragung werden sechs Produktnamen für Fleischersatzprodukte hinsichtlich der Kaufpräferenz bewertet. Die Befragten werden zu den von ihnen präferierten Produktnamen befragt. Dabei wird nach der Ernährungsform der Probanden unterschieden. Die Produktnamen differenzieren sich durch die Stärke der Assoziation zu Fleischprodukten. Darüber hinaus wurde getestet, inwiefern Verbraucher Bezeichnungen, die typischerweise mit fleischbeinhaltenden Produkten in Verbindung gebracht werden, für die Namensgebung bei Fleischersatzprodukten akzeptieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen keine Präferenz der Produktnamen in Abhängigkeit der Ernährungsform der Probanden. Die Vermutung, dass Fleischersatzprodukte, die mit Fleischprodukten assoziiert werden, zu einer geringeren Akzeptanz bei fleischlosen Anhängern führen, konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Die Akzeptanz von Namenszusätzen wie z.B. „Wurst“ oder „Schnitzel“ war für alle Ernährungsformen gleichermaßen gegeben. Hinsichtlich des Geschlechtes lassen sich keine Unterschiede in der Präferenz feststellen. Dies bedeutet für die Praxis, dass bei der Namensgebung von Fleischersatzprodukten die Assoziation zu fleischhaltigen Produkten wenig Einfluss auf deren Akzeptanz hat.
Abstract English
Artistic offerings at universities have a long tradition. Almost every university in Germany offers its students a variety of opportunities to engage in artistic and creative activities. This study investigated why students participate in these offerings. The results show that the need for community experience plays a very important role. At the same time, artistic engagement eases students' transition into college. The opportunity to try out new things in a protected setting, the experience of self-efficacy and a compensation to their studies are also important factors. It becomes clear that artistic activities at universities are not just a leisure activity, but also make an important contribution to students' personal development. For this reason, the authors suggest establishing an accompanying format at universities for reflective participation in these offerings.
Abstract Deutsch
Kulturelle Angebote an Hochschulen haben eine lange Tradition. Fast jede Hochschule in Deutschland bietet ihren Studierenden vielfältige Möglichkeiten, sich kulturell und kreativ zu engagieren. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, warum Studierende an diesen Angeboten teilnehmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Bedürfnis nach Gemeinschaftserfahrung eine sehr große Rolle spielt. Gleichzeitig erleichtert das kulturelle Engagement den Studierenden den Übergang in die Hochschule. Die Möglichkeit, in einem geschützten Rahmen Neues ausprobieren zu können, die Erfahrung von Selbstwirksamkeit sowie der Ausgleich zum Studium sind ebenfalls wichtige Faktoren. Es wird deutlich, dass kulturelle Angebote an Hochschulen kein reines Freizeitvergnügen sind, sondern einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung der Studierenden leisten. Aus diesem Grund schlagen die Autorinnen vor, an Hochschulen ein begleitendes Format für die reflektierte Teilnahme an diesen Angeboten zu etablieren.
Abstract: English
Environmental sustainability is one of the greatest challenges of this century. It depends on both compliance with environmental protection laws and its integration into directors’ decision-making beyond these laws. In this regard, the duty to promote the company’s success stipulates in the Companies Act 2006 that directors, who are protected by Business Judgment Rule, shall consider their companies’ environmental impacts. Since the stakeholders’ interests are regarded as a means to increase shareholder value, directors may pursue their companies’ environmental sustainability through a business case. The latest changes to the UK Corporate Governance Code 2018 further encourage directors to consider environmental sustainability in their business decisions. They may also link environmental sustainability to mandatory and voluntary disclosures through publishing their companies’ achievements. As a result, directors have broad discretion to pursue environmental sustainability beyond environmental protection laws. However, evidence shows that directors frequently neglect this discretion, the environmental sustainability’s resulting business case and that they even cause environmental damages to increase (the short-term) shareholder value. This is due to the social norm of shareholder primacy, which is now exacerbated by Brexit’s and the Ukraine war’s unclear economic impacts as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, the current approach of the UK’s company law in the predominant form of narrative reporting laws is insufficient because of the resulting greenwashing possibilities. This paper’s main argument is thus that changes to the current legal framework for directors’ decision-making are needed to achieve more environmental sustainability. Accordingly, a new principle for the UK Corporate Governance Code 2018 could lead to a greater consideration of environmental sustainability in directors’ decision-making and increased shareholder value in times of rising societal awareness of climate change and a growing trend towards environmental activist shareholders.
The research project “start2park” closes a research gap by precisely measuring parking search duration (cruising for parking) – especially the starting point of search – using a mobile app developed for this purpose. Complete journeys’ location data and durations are recorded, including driving until the start of the parking search, the parking search process, and the footpath from the parking spot to the final destination. Therefore, the causal effects of parking search on driving duration as well as journey duration can be estimated. Cruising for parking is traffic that results from car drivers looking for (free) kerb parking that meets their expectations (for example, free of charge or close to their destination point) and drivers being not (fully) informed about available kerb space parking locations. Parking search traffic causes external costs. Therefore, traffic-planning options should be designed to reduce unnecessary parking search traffic. However, this requires reliable data on urban cruising for parking traffic. Previous empirical results on the share of cruising traffic in total traffic, average parking search durations and average parking search distances differ widely. We show that the causal effect of parking search on driving duration and journey duration has not yet been validly estimated in empirical studies, and we explain how this is done in the research project.