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Master's Thesis at Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Faculty 1: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Geomatics, Master Program "Urban Agglomerations".
Master's Thesis at Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Faculty 1: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Geomatics, Master Program "Urban Agglomerations".
Abstract
At the intersection of issues of water scarcity and rapid urbanisation is the need to investigate sustainable urban water management practices in today’s cities. This is especially important with the undeniable impact of climate change adding to its complexity. Johannesburg is a prime example of a city facing a myriad of challenges regarding water and is therefore the focus of the thesis. This research focuses on how the city of Johannesburg can pave its way into becoming a Water Sensitive City (WSC)- an aspirational vision of a city that integrates sustainable urban water management practices. To discover this, case study research on Johannesburg is undertaken by exploring the challenges and opportunities in relation to water demand and supply in the city. A few challenges include pollution of water and issues relating to the dependency on surface water. Additionally, an Urban Water Mass Balance (UWMB) analysis was undertaken to explore the potential of alternative water service options in a city that relies predominantly on surface water. It was found that rainwater harvesting had the highest potential to replace the existing centralized system. Based on the results of the case study research and the UWMB analysis a program was proposed to assist Johannesburg’s transition into a WSC. The proposal includes proactive recommendations relating to public participation and the protection of the environment.
5. BIH-Treffen : Tagungsband
(2021)
Abstract English
Meat substitutes are on the rise. How does the naming of meat substitute products influence their acceptance? In a quantitative omnibus survey, six product names for meat substitute products are evaluated in terms of purchase preference. Respondents are asked about their preferred product names. A distinction is made according to the dietary form of the subjects. The product names are differentiated by the strength of the association with meat products. In addition, the extent to which consumers accept names, typically associated with meat-legged products, for naming meat substitutes was tested. Results showed no preference of product names as a function of the subjects' dietary form. The assumption that products with names reminiscent of meat products lead to lower acceptance among followers of meatless, could not be confirmed dietary forms. The acceptance of name additions such as "sausage" or "schnitzel" was constant for all dietary forms. Moreover, no differences in preference can be found with regard to gender. For companies in the industry, this means that when naming meat substitutes, the association with meat-containing products has little influence on their acceptance.
Abstract Deutsch
Fleischersatzprodukte sind auf dem Vormarsch. Wie beeinflusst die Namensgebung von Fleischersatzprodukten deren Akzeptanz? In einer quantitativen Omnibusbefragung werden sechs Produktnamen für Fleischersatzprodukte hinsichtlich der Kaufpräferenz bewertet. Die Befragten werden zu den von ihnen präferierten Produktnamen befragt. Dabei wird nach der Ernährungsform der Probanden unterschieden. Die Produktnamen differenzieren sich durch die Stärke der Assoziation zu Fleischprodukten. Darüber hinaus wurde getestet, inwiefern Verbraucher Bezeichnungen, die typischerweise mit fleischbeinhaltenden Produkten in Verbindung gebracht werden, für die Namensgebung bei Fleischersatzprodukten akzeptieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen keine Präferenz der Produktnamen in Abhängigkeit der Ernährungsform der Probanden. Die Vermutung, dass Fleischersatzprodukte, die mit Fleischprodukten assoziiert werden, zu einer geringeren Akzeptanz bei fleischlosen Anhängern führen, konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Die Akzeptanz von Namenszusätzen wie z.B. „Wurst“ oder „Schnitzel“ war für alle Ernährungsformen gleichermaßen gegeben. Hinsichtlich des Geschlechtes lassen sich keine Unterschiede in der Präferenz feststellen. Dies bedeutet für die Praxis, dass bei der Namensgebung von Fleischersatzprodukten die Assoziation zu fleischhaltigen Produkten wenig Einfluss auf deren Akzeptanz hat.
Sustainability Report 2021
(2021)
Respect, equity, democratic spaces, are the most cited words by people when asked how they could explain Urban Dignity in simple words. However, segregation, violence, insecurity, pollution, housing deficit and sanitation are some of the most cited words that comes out from first year architecture and urban planning graduate students when they are asked about our city constraints. Those urban issues get intensified in subnormal cluster areas, and challenges the academy in the housing design process when addressing Urban Dignity to those students. This paper presents the results of a design thinking process exercise for an informal community with housing needs. It considered the emotional space concept as a method to find the common grounds where individuals find comfort, safety, and joy. A brainstorm meeting with the community and field visits were used as a strategy to capture some of the essence of locals. The challenge to understand and capture their individual and personal feelings regarding their own comfortable zones and address them into a common scenario remained the main struggle of this project. Most of those people had never had a house with steady structure and infrastructure to live in. Therefore, an intense inside discussion among the design responsible people involved in the project, focused on translating their own perception of local's feelings towards neighbors, of local’s belongings and behaviors to define the design program needs. As a result, the sense of place, open ungated buildings with three floors max, a common recreational central area, the use of construction materials familiar and available in the field, and reserved areas located on first floor were some of the main characteristics drawn to the area. This approach guaranteed to host locals’ activities and accommodate changes needed in their course of lives as some of the characteristics found essential to welcome the community of about 80 families in a place where they could call home.
Service robotics offers great potential for retirement and nursing homes. In the present project Agebots (Implementation of service robotics in the field of elderly care), founded by the Swiss Innovation Agency (Innosuisse), a multidisciplinary team is investigating and testing the implementation of service robotics in elderly care. The pursued dimensions are human, technology, business, and law. The project is carried out in cooperation with two implementation partners: a retirement and nursing home and a robot manufacturer, both based in Switzerland. The project is still ongoing and will be completed by 2022. So far, the use of robots in elderly care has proven to be challenging regarding all different dimensions. These challenges have yet to be overcome to ensure a safe implementation that adds value for both caregivers and the elderly and efficiently supports the operations at the retirement and nursing home. The human centered and iterative approach of the present project allows an early identification of potential challenges and the end-users’ needs. This way, the challenges can be addressed proactively, prior to the implementation in the retirement and nursing home.
The possibilities of digital technologies for people with disabilities or the older population are wide-ranging, but in order for all people to be able to participate in an increasingly “digital world” it is important to quality professionals and organizations so that they are able to support, advise and help with potential risks. The article presents results of a survey among health and social care professionals in seven European countries with regard to qualification in this domain and introduces the European Union funded project DDSkills. The project aims to qualify health and social care professionals in areas such as digital Assistive Technologies, Smart Home, Robotics, Virtual and Augmented Reality and Brain-Computer-Interface, as well as their implementation and application, in order to support people with disabilities or functional decline to increase their independence and social participation.
This Article introduces two research projects towards assistive robotic arms for people with severe body impairments. Both projects aim to develop new control and interaction designs to promote accessibility and a better performance for people with functional losses in all four extremities, e.g. due to quadriplegic or multiple sclerosis. The project MobILe concentrates on using a robotic arm as drinking aid and controlling it with smart glasses, eye-tracking and augmented reality. A user oriented development process with participatory methods were pursued which brought new knowledge about the life and care situation of the future target group and the requirements a robotic drinking aid needs to meet. As a consequence the new project DoF-Adaptiv follows an even more participatory approach, including the future target group, their family and professional caregivers from the beginning into decision making and development processes within the project. DoF-Adaptiv aims to simplify the control modalities of assistive robotic arms to enhance the usability of the robotic arm for activities of daily living. lo decide on exemplary activities, like eating or open a door, the future target group, their family and professional caregivers are included in the decision making process. Furthermore all relevant stakeholders will be included in the investigation of ethical, legal and social implications as well as the identification of potential risks. This article will show the importance of the participatory design for the development and research process in MobILe and DoF-Adaptiv.
Smart home technologies, such as Internet of Things devices have great potential to support older people to live for longer in their own homes. Yet individuals with communication, memory and dexterity problems often cannot use such technologies. Through a co-design, participatory approach the needs and problems experienced by older people and their supporters were explored to ascertain how they could be enabled to use Smart home technologies. The solution that was developed, IntraVox, is a virtual hub that enables connectivity from different resources and devices based on the sensor data that is being collected in the house. IntraVox sends various commands to a voice-enabled personal assistant which in return controls smart home devices. This approach can improve the usability of voice-enabled personal assistants by removing the necessity for the user to remember and pronounce specific commands whilst also reinforcing the syntax and the usefulness of those commands. This discussion describes the development process and user-feedback of the IntraVox solution.
The ageing population demands designing environments while considering their functional needs, desires and wishes. The ICF framework together with the gerontechnological principles can help to have focus on how to adjust or to (re)design the environment for this population. This paper focuses on building-related environmental factors including eHealth solutions. Knowledge and understanding of how the environment is perceived by older people help to set the building performance requirements and gives direction to Improve our research to create healthy environments for future users.
Emotional spaces
(2021)
Taking into account that architects have a pronounced influence on humans’ lives, it is their responsibility to design and build livable environments. For this, there is another crucial dimension that shapes the individual understanding of space in a way that has not yet been taken into account. This paper looks at living environments and their meaning for individual life and well-being. It introduces a theoretical background that sets its focus on buildings and exterior spaces and presents a different point of view. Here the theory of Emotional Spaces is introduced, referring to a connection between space and feelings and considering that it is not enough to plan buildings and open spaces merely with architectural qualities in mind. This paper presents a different understanding of space and proposes a new approach to the design process. It is based on a design concept that places people and all their needs in the center. In order to be able to design and plan architectural spaces according to the needs of human beings, it seems necessary to understand the individual, everyday life. The challenge is to understand the individual life story, which should then be put into a spatial context. From these insights, Emotional Spaces that are relevant for „good and successful” living can become visible.
The advancing use of modern technology in nursing care, especially the development of technical assistance systems through robotics, digitization and Artificial Intelligence (Al), can open up new opportunities for those affected. At the same time, however, the use of these technologies also carries risks for this group of people, especially for their fundamental right to informational self-determination, due to the extensive processing of personal data. This article describes the risks for data subjects and explains the current legal framework regarding the protection of personal data in the European Union. The authors conclude, that applying data protection and data security to technical assistance systems, robots and Al from the beginning not only leads to legally compliant practices but also strengthens the trust of users and society as a whole in the use of these systems. The use of Al-based systems raises further (legal} questions that go beyond data protection and data security. The authors first address the various definitions of the term „Artificial Intelligence” in the academic literature. They then describe the European Union’s various regulatory approaches to the use of Al starting with the European Commission's “Strategy for Artificial Intelligence” published in 2018, followed by the “Al White Paper” published in 2020 and ending with the European Commission’s proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonized Rules on Artificial Intelligence- Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) published in April 2021. Here, in particular, aspects of „scope“, „transparency” and „impact on the healthcare sector” will be examined in more detail and the still necessary need for legal policy discussion will be highlighted.
Connected ambient assistance systems support elderly people - or people in need of care - for a self-determined, healthy and safe living in their familiar home until very old age. The systems typically communicate with nursing relatives or remote professional caregiving providers. The basic functions of stationary assistance systems include the detection of a) falls and b) deviant behavior indicating a health hazard. These kernel tasks of assistance have been amended in the course of time by a plenitude of more general assistant functions. Wearable devices, like programmable smartwatches, extend the reach of stationary assistance beyond the spatial boundaries of the familiar home. They extend the scope of wellbeing monitoring by analyzing the wearer’s heart rate in relation to the current physical activity and can also verify sufficient liquid ingestion, drinking, thus compensating the diminishing natural sensation of thirst at increasing age. Home robots also extend the scope of wellbeing monitoring within the home and relieve from the necessity of a comprehensive sensoric instrumentation of the home. So far, ambient assistant systems can primarily provide assistance only in the physiological dimension. Cognitive ambient assistance, which allows the participation in the social communication on an equal footing, today is beyond their abilities. The advances in artificial intelligence are about to change the picture. From an economic point of view, the dissemination and success of assistance systems has been slowed down within the last decade by lacking wide-spread interaction standards as well as the shortage of necessary multivalent utility of such systems. In contrast, the smart home concept offering increased comfort and sustainability has gained a lot of attractivity in the same time. Therefore, commercially successful assistance systems must provide their utility in all three dimensions: assistance, but also simultaneously in comfort/safety and sustainability.
Objective: This best-practice example shows the positive effect on the behavior of a mentally disabled client with significant behavioral problems after the custom-made change in his built environment. Background: Healthcare organizations are often faced with the difficulty of creating a built environment that has a positive effect on the mental well-being of the users. Ipse de Bruggen is a healthcare organization that offers care and support for the mentally handicapped. They look after clients who need additional individual support due to their behavioral problems and have developed new care concepts for this over the years. With regard to the built environment, however, they found in individual cases that the living environment does not suit the client. The rooms are bare and devoid of atmosphere. It seems that in many cases this has led to even more aggression and destruction. A negative spiral. The organization saw the need to change this and in 2011 commissioned Andrea Möhn Architects, formerly Möhn + Bouman Architects, to examine the built environment and the needs of individual users with major behavioral problems. Methods: The findings are based on the architects’ many years of experience with regard to the target group, a precise observation of the behavior of the user in his personal space as well as interviews with the staff from November 2011 to April 2012. Results: Based on the observations the architects created a tailor-made environment that had a very positive effect on the behavior of the user and thus also on his family, the care staff and the organization. Conclusions: The best practice example shows that for clients with severe behavioral problems a personalized and humanized approach seemed to be the right approach, rather than a flexible spatial solution. The redesigned space gave the client a sense of control, pride, dignity and a sense of well-being. Inspired by this success, the organization started the project "Physical environment, a fixed value in our care” in 2020. Within four years, twelve rooms will be redesigned and their effects on users will be scientifically researched.
Die Studie stellt Ergebnisse einer im Juli 2021 durchgeführten, deutschlandweiten Befragung mit Schwerpunkt auf der Personenmobilität vor und vergleicht diese mit einer knapp ein Jahr zuvor durchgeführten Befragung. Ein Teil der Befragten wurde dabei in beiden Wellen erfasst, was tiefergehende Analysen von möglichen Verhaltensänderungen erlaubt. Ein wichtiger Befund ist, dass mit der coronabedingt relativ hohen Bedeutung des Home-Office der ÖPNV im Modal Split weiter ins Hintertreffen gerät. Zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung war rund die Hälfte der Erwachsenen vollständig geimpft oder genesen. Nach den vorliegenden Daten scheint es aber nicht so zu sein, dass diese Personengruppe in nennenswerter Weise wieder verstärkt mit dem ÖPNV unterwegs ist. Ein Aspekt dabei könnte ein Tarifmodell sein, das sich nicht gut mit regelmäßigem Home-Office verträgt. Neben diesen Auswertungen werden noch aktuelle Befunde aus anderen Quellen zum Thema Mobilitätsentwicklung diskutiert.
The research project “start2park” closes a research gap by precisely measuring parking search duration (cruising for parking) – especially the starting point of search – using a mobile app developed for this purpose. Complete journeys’ location data and durations are recorded, including driving until the start of the parking search, the parking search process, and the footpath from the parking spot to the final destination. Therefore, the causal effects of parking search on driving duration as well as journey duration can be estimated. Cruising for parking is traffic that results from car drivers looking for (free) kerb parking that meets their expectations (for example, free of charge or close to their destination point) and drivers being not (fully) informed about available kerb space parking locations. Parking search traffic causes external costs. Therefore, traffic-planning options should be designed to reduce unnecessary parking search traffic. However, this requires reliable data on urban cruising for parking traffic. Previous empirical results on the share of cruising traffic in total traffic, average parking search durations and average parking search distances differ widely. We show that the causal effect of parking search on driving duration and journey duration has not yet been validly estimated in empirical studies, and we explain how this is done in the research project.
Banken auf dem Holzweg? : Eine empirische Untersuchung der Bewertung von Kreditkarten aus Holz
(2021)
Um ihren Fokus auf Nachhaltigkeit zu unterstreichen bieten vereinzelte Banken in Deutschland und der Schweiz ihrer Kundschaft seit kurzem Kreditkarten aus Holz. Wie nehmen die Kunden diese Karten in Bezug auf die Nachhaltigkeit der Karte und der Bank wahr? Auf Basis der Hinweis-Konsistenz-Theorie wird die Fragestellung mittels einer Befragung von 85 Studierenden untersucht. Mittels Faktorenanalyse werden die Aussagen zur Nachhaltigkeitseinstellung und zur Erwartung an die Bank verdichtet. Die Regressions-Analysen zeigen, dass Holz-Kreditkarten überwiegend positiv bewertet werden und zwar umso stärker je positiver die Einstellung zur Nachhaltigkeit ist. Die Analyse bestätigt ebenfalls: eine positive Bewertung der Holz-Kreditkarten führt zu einer höheren Erwartung in Bezug auf nachhaltiges Management der Bank. Banken, die Holz-Kreditkarten anbieten müssen diese erhöhten Erwartungen erfüllen können. Andernfalls laufen sie Gefahr mit dem Vorwurf des Greenwashings konfrontiert zu werden, denn einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Müllvermeidung stellen Kreditkarten nicht dar.
Soziale Intervention findet meist als personenbezogene Dienstleistung in einem organisatorischen Rahmen statt. Da Intervention als eine Form von „Steuerung“ begriffen werden kann, stellt sich dabei das Problem der „doppelten Steuerung“, d.h. die (steuernde) Intervention wird ihrerseits innerhalb der Organisation gesteuert. Dabei treten regelmäßig Verwerfungen auf, die Gegenstand von Forschung sein müssen, soll „Intervention“ nicht eindimensional gefasst werden. Die Erforschung sozialer Interventionen steht zudem häufig vor dem Problem der Vermittlung zwischen Theorie und Praxis, das im Sinne „kritischer Theorie“ anzugehen ist.
Das Center for Applied European Studies (CAES) der Frankfurt University of
Applied Sciences veranstaltete am 13. November 2020 ein Symposium zum
Thema „Europäische Klimapolitik – zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit“. Es
zielte darauf ab, das Spannungsfeld zwischen unterschiedlichen Politikfeldern
wie Klima-, Verkehrs- und Landwirtschaftspolitik, sowie die Positionen verschiedener
Interessensgruppen zu beleuchten. Ein weiteres Ziel des Symposiums
war es, Impulse zu setzen, wie Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz in der EU
gestaltet werden müssen. Klima- und Energieziele, Instrumente und
Rechtsvorschriften sollten aus unterschiedlichen, auch konvergierenden
Blickwinkeln, von Expert/-innen aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und
Zivilgesellschaft betrachtet werden.
Nachhaltigkeitsreport 2021
(2021)
Working Paper Nr. 18 des Fachbereichs 3: Wirtschaft und Recht
Almanach 2020 : Sorgen
(2021)