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The possibilities of digital technologies for people with disabilities or the older population are wide-ranging, but in order for all people to be able to participate in an increasingly “digital world” it is important to quality professionals and organizations so that they are able to support, advise and help with potential risks. The article presents results of a survey among health and social care professionals in seven European countries with regard to qualification in this domain and introduces the European Union funded project DDSkills. The project aims to qualify health and social care professionals in areas such as digital Assistive Technologies, Smart Home, Robotics, Virtual and Augmented Reality and Brain-Computer-Interface, as well as their implementation and application, in order to support people with disabilities or functional decline to increase their independence and social participation.
This Article introduces two research projects towards assistive robotic arms for people with severe body impairments. Both projects aim to develop new control and interaction designs to promote accessibility and a better performance for people with functional losses in all four extremities, e.g. due to quadriplegic or multiple sclerosis. The project MobILe concentrates on using a robotic arm as drinking aid and controlling it with smart glasses, eye-tracking and augmented reality. A user oriented development process with participatory methods were pursued which brought new knowledge about the life and care situation of the future target group and the requirements a robotic drinking aid needs to meet. As a consequence the new project DoF-Adaptiv follows an even more participatory approach, including the future target group, their family and professional caregivers from the beginning into decision making and development processes within the project. DoF-Adaptiv aims to simplify the control modalities of assistive robotic arms to enhance the usability of the robotic arm for activities of daily living. lo decide on exemplary activities, like eating or open a door, the future target group, their family and professional caregivers are included in the decision making process. Furthermore all relevant stakeholders will be included in the investigation of ethical, legal and social implications as well as the identification of potential risks. This article will show the importance of the participatory design for the development and research process in MobILe and DoF-Adaptiv.
Sensor Web im Zusammenspiel mit GDI am Beispiel der automatisierten Erstellung einer Temperaturkarte
(2011)
Geosensornetzwerke stellen eine hochaktuelle Entwicklung in der Geo-IT dar und gelten als der nächste Evolutionsschritt im Bereich verteilter Geoinformationsanwendungen. Die Daten der im Netzwerk organisierten Sensoren können jedoch nur dann unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen zur Verfügung gestellt werden, wenn diese sich interoperabel zusammen mit weiteren Geodaten verarbeiten lassen. Der vorliegende Text beschreibt als Grundlage das Konzept des Sensor Webs des Open Geospatial Consortiums zur interoperablen Verwaltung von Sensordaten. Am Beispiel einer automatisch erzeugten Temperaturkarte wird die nahtlose Verarbeitung von Sensordaten zusammen mit weiteren, über existierende Geodateninfrastrukturen angebotenen Daten, z. B. für Echtzeitanwendungen im Bereich des Umweltmonitorings, untersucht.
Smart home technologies, such as Internet of Things devices have great potential to support older people to live for longer in their own homes. Yet individuals with communication, memory and dexterity problems often cannot use such technologies. Through a co-design, participatory approach the needs and problems experienced by older people and their supporters were explored to ascertain how they could be enabled to use Smart home technologies. The solution that was developed, IntraVox, is a virtual hub that enables connectivity from different resources and devices based on the sensor data that is being collected in the house. IntraVox sends various commands to a voice-enabled personal assistant which in return controls smart home devices. This approach can improve the usability of voice-enabled personal assistants by removing the necessity for the user to remember and pronounce specific commands whilst also reinforcing the syntax and the usefulness of those commands. This discussion describes the development process and user-feedback of the IntraVox solution.
The ageing population demands designing environments while considering their functional needs, desires and wishes. The ICF framework together with the gerontechnological principles can help to have focus on how to adjust or to (re)design the environment for this population. This paper focuses on building-related environmental factors including eHealth solutions. Knowledge and understanding of how the environment is perceived by older people help to set the building performance requirements and gives direction to Improve our research to create healthy environments for future users.
Emotional spaces
(2021)
Taking into account that architects have a pronounced influence on humans’ lives, it is their responsibility to design and build livable environments. For this, there is another crucial dimension that shapes the individual understanding of space in a way that has not yet been taken into account. This paper looks at living environments and their meaning for individual life and well-being. It introduces a theoretical background that sets its focus on buildings and exterior spaces and presents a different point of view. Here the theory of Emotional Spaces is introduced, referring to a connection between space and feelings and considering that it is not enough to plan buildings and open spaces merely with architectural qualities in mind. This paper presents a different understanding of space and proposes a new approach to the design process. It is based on a design concept that places people and all their needs in the center. In order to be able to design and plan architectural spaces according to the needs of human beings, it seems necessary to understand the individual, everyday life. The challenge is to understand the individual life story, which should then be put into a spatial context. From these insights, Emotional Spaces that are relevant for „good and successful” living can become visible.
The advancing use of modern technology in nursing care, especially the development of technical assistance systems through robotics, digitization and Artificial Intelligence (Al), can open up new opportunities for those affected. At the same time, however, the use of these technologies also carries risks for this group of people, especially for their fundamental right to informational self-determination, due to the extensive processing of personal data. This article describes the risks for data subjects and explains the current legal framework regarding the protection of personal data in the European Union. The authors conclude, that applying data protection and data security to technical assistance systems, robots and Al from the beginning not only leads to legally compliant practices but also strengthens the trust of users and society as a whole in the use of these systems. The use of Al-based systems raises further (legal} questions that go beyond data protection and data security. The authors first address the various definitions of the term „Artificial Intelligence” in the academic literature. They then describe the European Union’s various regulatory approaches to the use of Al starting with the European Commission's “Strategy for Artificial Intelligence” published in 2018, followed by the “Al White Paper” published in 2020 and ending with the European Commission’s proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonized Rules on Artificial Intelligence- Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) published in April 2021. Here, in particular, aspects of „scope“, „transparency” and „impact on the healthcare sector” will be examined in more detail and the still necessary need for legal policy discussion will be highlighted.